Exploring Various Types of Trusts: Know Your Options

If you’re thinking about how to pass along assets or provide for loved ones after you’re gone, you likely have questions about trusts and estate planning. What exactly is a trust? What types are available? Should I execute one?

We get these questions all the time. Let’s explore the different types of trust agreements and discover what to consider before executing a trust.

Setting Up a Trust in North Carolina

At its core, a trust is simply a legal agreement that controls estate asset management and distribution.

The person creating the trust is the grantor, who designates a trustee to oversee the assets transferred into the trust. Once funded, the trustee manages estate property and distributes income and assets to trust beneficiaries according to the terms and timeframes found in the trust agreement.

After setting up a trust, you’ll relinquish personal ownership and control over the property you release. However, you control asset management and beneficiary distribution through the trust document, which explains precisely how the trustee should perform his or her duties.

A structured transfer of assets provides you (the grantor) with peace of mind that your trustee will carry out your last wishes smoothly when you die. This estate planning tool may also shield your heirs and beneficiaries from costly probate challenges after your death.

Let’s examine the different trusts we frequently draft for our clients.

Revocable Living Trusts – Flexibility for the Unpredictable

The most widely used trust in North Carolina estate planning is the Revocable Living Trust. Living because we create the document while you’re alive (rather than a testamentary trust formed after death), and revocable because you retain total control regarding term modifications, asset additions/removals, or trust dissolution during your lifetime.

Many folks we advise choose a revocable trust as a key part of their estate plan. When funded with appropriately titled assets, this document allows quick distribution to beneficiaries without probate delays after the grantor passes. Living trusts also avoid public probate announcements, keeping distribution details private among family members.

Beyond probate avoidance and privacy, the flexibility of revocable trusts offers uninterrupted control when circumstances change down the road. In our experience advising clients, we’ve seen many situations arise that may alter a grantor’s finances or familial needs, such as:

• Job windfalls (or losses)
• Inheritances
• Health diagnoses
• New marriages/children
• Asset value fluctuations
• Shifts in tax law

Revocable trusts allow grantors to tweak agreement terms when responding to such circumstances. Your trust will also last beyond your lifetime, and its assets can fund your beneficiaries for generations. And the power to make living adjustments ensures the document continually aligns with your wishes as you age.

Irrevocable Trusts – Protection with Permanence

Whereas a revocable trust is flexible and allows the grantor to modify terms or revoke the agreement, irrevocable trusts cannot be changed or undone once executed. Such permanent loss of control limits your ability to respond to life changes. However, this estate planning tool holds unique benefits like tax minimization and enhanced asset protection.

Irrevocable trust assets are generally excluded from estate probate taxes because you immediately forfeit ownership rights over the property when funding the irrevocable trust. This benefit offers beneficiaries who hold valuable inheritances significant tax savings. Irrevocable trusts also afford asset protection from your creditors. Since you no longer control the property, your creditors cannot reach them.

Estate planners can further customize their irrevocable trusts to provide extra protection from creditors and tax agencies by executing:

• Bypass Trusts – Allows surviving spouses access to trust income while preserving estate tax exemptions for children
• Charitable Trusts – Creates income streams for non-profit organizations
• Spendthrift Trusts – Prevents irresponsible expenditures by limiting waste and beneficiary disbursements

Because irrevocable trusts are permanent, they are less desirable among estate planners. However, when drafted with your heirs’ priorities in mind, they unlock robust tax savings and asset protections.

Testamentary Trusts – Formed After You’ve Passed Away

Unlike living trusts executed during life, a testamentary trust conveys asset management instructions in your will and becomes funded upon your death during probate proceedings.

Many testamentary trusts direct the trustee to hold asset distributions until a specific time. For example, minor children may only access their testamentary trust inheritances after reaching a certain age. In the meantime, trustees will manage and disburse their assets according to the terms of the agreement.

Choosing the Right Type of Trust For Your Estate Plan

We’ve covered a few standard trust instruments, but did you know countless options exist within these estate planning tools? With many choices, how do you know which trust is right for you?

Each grantor’s priorities regarding taxes, asset distribution, and creditor protection will differ. Based on the goals communicated by the hundreds of clients we advise, key considerations around trust selection include:

• Future funding needs – Will beneficiaries require steady income streams or parallel funding past a specific period?
• Tax implications – Do married couples with estates exceeding current estate tax thresholds require specific exemptions to better protect their heirs’ inheritances?
• Asset values – Does the value of real properties and valuable assets influence trust funding and asset distribution?
• Ages of beneficiaries – Are the beneficiaries young children who require staggered distribution and oversight?

Personal factors also impact finding the ideal trust instrument, including asset control preferences, beneficiary exclusion events, etc. We explore such details during our duly diligent estate planning consultation with you.

Trusts as Part of Customized Estate Plans

At the Donaldson Law Firm, PLLC, we have enjoyed helping North Carolinians plan personalized trusts that balance asset control, tax issues, and legacy distribution.

If you’re curious about preserving your assets and property for those you care most about, our estate planning attorney is here to listen and help you take the right path forward. Schedule a consultation, and together, we’ll ensure your estate plan cares for loved ones when you no longer can.

Contact us today to get started.